La terapia hormonal de la menopausia ¿disminuye el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas? / Does menopause hormone therapy reduce the risk of chronic diseases?

The hormonal deficit of post menopause is not only linked to the classic hot flashes, but also to a higher risk of chronic diseases. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) adequately treats climacteric symptoms and can prevent some chronic diseases such as osteoporosis. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study, which indicated risks of MHT in elderly postmenopausal women, caused a massive withdrawal of this therapy. But, in recent years the results of the WHI have been challenged by methodological problems and by several studies indicating that, if MHT is initiated early and the non-oral route is preferred, the risks could be minimized and it could improve not only the quality of life but also reduce the risk of chronic diseases. However, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against the use of MHT for the prevention of chronic diseases, a position that has been challenged by publications of the North American Menopause Society and the International Menopause Society. This controversy persists so far. We report data that suggest a preventive role of MHT in perimenopausal women.

Prevalência da sonolência diurna excessiva e fatores associados em mulheres de 35 a 49 anos de idade do "Projeto de Saúde de Pindamonhangaba" (PROSAPIN) / Prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and associated factors in women aged 35-49 years from the "Pindamonhangaba Health Project" (PROSAPIN)

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência da sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) e identificar os fatores associados em mulheres de 35 a 49 anos de idade do "Projeto de Saúde de Pindamonhangaba" (PROSAPIN). MÉTODOS: O estudo foi observacional transversal com 372 mulheres com idade entre 35 e 49 anos selecionadas aleatoriamente da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) do município de Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo, onde é desenvolvido o "Projeto de Saúde de Pindamonhangaba" (PROSAPIN). A SDE foi avaliada por entrevista utilizando a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e os fatores associados por meio de questões que investigaram as características sócio-demográficas, a história ginecológica, a presença de comorbidades, o estilo de vida, a rotina de sono e o uso de medicamentos capazes de alterar o estado de alerta, além de mensuradas as variáveis antropométricas. Estimou-se a prevalência da SDE com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) e foram identificados os fatores associados por meio de um modelo de regressão logística múltipla realizado no Programa Stata, versão 10.0. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da SDE foi de 18,5% (IC 95%: 14,7- 22,9) e os fatores associados foram: profissão relacionada a serviços domésticos (OR = 2,2; IC 95%: 1,1-4,3), nível de atividade física acima da média da população estudada (OR = 1,9; IC 95%: 1,1-3,4); e a presença de características sugestivas de ansiedade (OR = 1,9; IC 95%: 1,1-3,4). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência da SDE em mulheres de 35 a 49 anos do PROSAPIN foi elevada e associada à característica sociodemográfica, à presença de comorbidades e ao estilo de vida.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and to identify associated factors in women aged 35 to 49 years from the "Pindamonhangaba Health Project" (PROSAPIN). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of 372 women aged 35 to 49 years, randomly selected from the Family Health Strategy (FHS) program of the city of Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil, where the "Pindamonhangaba Health Project" (PROSAPIN) is being developed. EDS was assessed through interviews using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the associated factors through questions that investigated sociodemographic characteristics, gynecological history, presence of comorbidities, lifestyle, sleep routine, and use of drugs capable of altering the state of alertness; anthropometric variables were also measured. The prevalence of EDS was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and the associated factors were identified through a multiple logistic regression model performed with the Stata software, release 10.0. RESULTS: EDS prevalence was 18.5% (95% CI: 14.7-22.9) and the associated factors were: profession related to domestic services (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.3), physical activity level above the mean of the study population (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.4), and presence of features suggestive of anxiety (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.4). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of EDS in women aged 35-49 years from PROSAPIN was high and associated with sociodemographic characteristics, presence of comorbidities, and lifestyle.